Tests for anterior instability, biceps-labrum complex injuries and full subscapularis rupture had high diagnostic accuracy (low to moderate quality of evidence).įor prevention, the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, the Shoulder Control, the FIFA 11+ shoulder injury prevention programmes, and a baseball-specific programme (range of motion, stretching, dynamic stability and strengthening exercises) showed moderate to large effect size in reducing the risk of shoulder injury compared with no intervention (very low to moderate quality of evidence).įor treatment, a rehabilitation programme including stretching, ice packs, electrotherapy and compression, and strengthening exercises showed a large effect size in reducing pain and disability compared with no intervention in athletes with subacromial impingement syndrome (very low to moderate quality of evidence). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool was applied to evaluate the overall quality of evidence.įor diagnosis, we included 19 clinical tests from mixed populations. We systematically searched Medline and Embase. This statement paper summarises and appraises the evidence on diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of common shoulder injuries in sports. Correspondence to Dr Behnam Liaghat, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark.10 Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark.9 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Orthopedic Research Center – Copenhagen (SORC-C), Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.8 Danish Society of Sports Physical Therapy, Odense, Denmark.
7 The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark.6 Clinical Orthopedic Research Hvidovre (CORH), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.5 Center for General Practice, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.4 Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.3 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research - Copenhagen (PMR-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Physical Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.2 Centre for Evidence-Based Orthopaedics (CEBO), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.1 Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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